Four wheel drive vehicles, class war, and the BMJ

Unsafe driving behaviour and four wheel drive vehicles: observational study.

OBJECTIVE To assess the level of compliance with the new law in the United Kingdom mandating penalties for using a hand held mobile phone while driving, to compare compliance with this law with the one on the use of seat belts, and to compare compliance with these laws between drivers of four wheel drive vehicles and drivers of normal cars. DESIGN Observational study with two phases-one withi...

Type-2 Fuzzy Braking-Torque Electronic Stability Control for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicles

The electronic stability control (ESC) system is one of the most important active safety systems in vehicles. Here, we intend to improve the Electronic stability of four in-wheel motor drive electric vehicles. We will design an electronic stability control system based on Type-2 fuzzy logic controller. Since, Type-2 fuzzy controller has uncertainty in input interval furthermore of output fuzzin...

A Study on the Control Performance of Electronic Differential System for Four-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicles

Abstract: The electronic differential system (EDS) is an important issue for four-wheel drive electric vehicles. This paper delineates an advanced EDS steering strategy and carries out a careful study of its control performance by numerical simulations that comply with the requirements of ISO4238:2012. The results demonstrate that the EDS feedback gain plays an important role to its control per...

Four - wheel drive vehicle crash involvement patterns

An Acceleration Slip Regulation Strategy for Four-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicles Based on Sliding Mode Control

This paper presents an acceleration slip regulation (ASR) system for four-wheel drive (4WD) electric vehicles, which are driven by the front and rear axles simultaneously. The ASR control strategy includes three control modes: average distribution of inter-axle torque, optimal distribution of inter-axle torque and independent control of optimal slip rate, respectively, which are designed based ...